In order to observe the shape and fluorescent image of an object such as a fluorescence-labeled cell without enlarging an apparatus, an observation apparatus 1 is provided with: a light source unit 5that emits illumination light and excitation light from the lower side toward the upper side of a sample X; and a photographing optical system 6 that photographs, on the lower side of the sample X, fluorescent light generated in the sample X through irradiation with the excitation light emitted from the light source unit 5 and transmission light transmitted through the sample X upon reflection ofthe illumination light emitted from the light source unit 5 on the upper side of the sample X.