The invention relates to a vacuum circuit breaker with a double air chamber structure. The vacuum circuit breaker with a double air chamber structure includes a cylinder body which is internally provided with a vacuum arc extinguishing chamber. A moving end cover plate is arranged at one end of a vacuum arc extinguishing chamber shell. A moving contact of a moving contact component of the vacuum arc extinguishing chamber extends through the moving end cover plate into the interior of the vacuum arc extinguishing chamber. A corrugated pipe is connected between the moving end cover plate and themoving contact. The cylinder body is further internally provided with a moving end conductor in sliding conductive connection with the moving contact. The moving end conductor is in sealing connection with the moving end cover plate and the cylinder body so that part of the moving contact component located outside the vacuum arc extinguishing chamber is in a sealed chamber. The air pressure in the sealed chamber is lower than that in the cylinder body and higher than that in the vacuum arc extinguishing chamber, so that a low-pressure chamber is formed. A high-pressure chamber is formed between the low-pressure chamber and the cylinder body. The vacuum circuit breaker can well protect the corrugated pipe in the vacuum arc extinguishing chamber, and has the characteristics of simple structure and easy manufacture.