The invention discloses a TRD (Trench Cutting Re-mixing Deep Wall Method) simulation test device and a test method. The TRD simulation test device comprises a vertical cutting and stirring device, a horizontal moving platform, a grouting device, a tank body, a machine rack and a soil pressing loading device, wherein the horizontal moving platform is mounted on a horizontal guiderail of the machinerack; the machine rack and the tank body are welded together to form an integrity; the vertical cutting and stirring device is mounted on the horizontal moving platform; the horizontal moving platform drives the vertical cutting and stirring device to move horizontally; the soil pressure loading device is fixed in the middle of the back surface of the tank body to load pressure on a test piece; the grouting device is mounted in the vertical cutting and stirring device, and a cutting fluid and a curing fluid are injected into the test piece through the grouting device.