The invention provides a tool type penthouse indoor stair quick protection structure. The structure comprises a stair lateral reinforcement protection rack, PC pipes, and wedge blocks; the PC pipes are embedded into the side surface of the indoor stair and vertically embedded, and the PC pipes are distributed and arranged in the length direction of the indoor stair; the stair lateral reinforcementprotection rack is arranged above the PC pipes along distribution directions of the PC pipes; vertical support rods are arranged on the stair lateral reinforcement protection rack, and the lower endsof the vertical support rods on the stair lateral reinforcement protection rack extend into the PC pipes, and the wedge blocks are embedded into upper ends of the PC pipes so as to fasten the vertical support rods into the PC pipes. The protection structure is simple in operation, convenient for material taking, firm in structure, high in security, high in turnover number, low in cost and less infloor space. The protection structure belongs to the technical field of the building construction security.