The invention discloses a hydroelectric generating set component operation data analysis method under different working conditions. The method comprises the steps of collecting historical operation data of a hydroelectric generating set component in a preset time period; dividing the historical operation data into a plurality of sets according to different working conditions; Finding out the maximum value and the minimum value of the historical operation data in each set, calculating the average value of the historical operation data of each set, and calculating the standard deviation of the historical operation data of each set; obtaining the data distribution range in each set according to the maximum value, the minimum value, the average value and the standard deviation; Collecting real-time operation data of the hydroelectric generating set component; And judging whether the real-time operation data is within the data distribution range of the corresponding working condition, if yes, judging that the real-time operation data is normal, otherwise, judging that the real-time operation data has problems and the hydroelectric generating set has fault risks. The method is simple, data analysis is fast, the problem of analysis result lagging does not exist, and risk alarm can be sent out in time.