The invention relates to a method for recycling anode and cathode materials in a waste alkaline zinc-manganese battery, in particular to a method for recycling anode and cathode materials in a waste mercury-free alkaline zinc-manganese battery, and belongs to the technical field of waste battery recycling. The method for recycling the anode and cathode materials in the waste alkaline zinc-manganese battery comprises the following steps of crushing and disassembling the waste battery to separate out the anode and cathode materials; grinding the anode and cathode materials, and then adding an additive to carry out selective separation on zinc under the ultrasonic condition; filtering and washing the leachate to obtain the leaching solution and filter residues; and concentrating and crystallizing the leaching solution to obtain zinc salt crystals. The filter residues are directly returned to the anode materials used for producing the zinc-manganese battery. According to the method for recycling the anode and cathode materials in the waste alkaline zinc-manganese battery, the additive is added, zinc compounds completely enter the solution under the acidic leaching condition, and manganese in different valence states is completely left in the solid in the form of manganese dioxide, so that efficient leaching and separation of zinc-manganese are realized; and the technique is simple,the process is short, the recovery rate of valuable substances is high, secondary pollution is hardly generated, and industrial production is convenient.