The invention discloses a tunnel lining structure capable of extracting heat energy. The tunnel lining structure comprises heat energy building blocks (4) arranged on the wall of a tunnel. The structure comprises concrete reinforced building blocks (5), high-density polyethylene pipelines (6), reinforcement cages (7) and building block empty areas (8); the high-density polyethylene pipelines (6) are wound on the reinforcement cages (7); the reinforcement cages (7) are embedded into the concrete reinforcement building blocks (5); the building block empty areas (8) are arranged at the joints ofevery two heat energy building blocks (4); the building block empty areas (8) at the joints of the high-density polyethylene pipelines (6) of every two heat energy building blocks (4) are connected through pipeline movable joints (11). By means of the heat energy building block structure of a tunnel lining, heat in the tunnel is utilized so that the operation cost of a heat tunnel ventilation cooling system can be reduced, and huge potential can be provided for geothermal exploitation of urban subway tunnels.