The invention discloses a quantitative test device and method for the wear resistance of a material under a heavy load pressure condition. The device comprises a rotating table body; a sample rotatingchuck fixedly provided with a plurality of test sample pins is engaged with the lower part of the rotating shaft of the rotating table body through a gear; the bottoms of the test sample pins contactwith a grinding rock disk; the grinding rock disk is arranged in a grinding rock chuck; a pressure sensor is installed between the grinding rock chuck and the grinding rock disk; the grinding rock chuck is fixed at the upper part of a 10-to-100kN hydraulic device which can move vertically; during a test, the 10-to-100kN hydraulic device moves upwards so as to provide pressure load to the test sample pins; a system automatic control device, with pressure values measured in real time adopted as input signals, controls the movement of the 10-to-100kN hydraulic device and the rotation speed of the rotating shaft of the rotating table body; and therefore, the wear resistance of materials such as the cutters of excavating equipment in shield, drilling and mining fields under heavy load conditions can be effectively evaluated.