The invention relates to a chitosan and quaternized attapulgite combined proton exchange membrane and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the following steps that 1) quaternized attapulgite is prepared; the quaternized attapulgite in the step 1) is added into an acid solution of chitosan to prepare a film making solution by blending, and a film is made; and 3) a sulfuric acid is used to carry out crosslinking on the film obtained in the step 2) to obtain the chitosan and quaternized attapulgite combined proton exchange membrane. The structure of the quaternized attapulgite is rich in hydroxy inside and outside, the chitosan belongs to a polycation polymer and is rick in amino and hydroxy in molecules, and the sulfate radical ions make electrostatic interaction with amino ofthe chitosan or the quaternary ammonium ions on the quaternized attapulgite to make strong electrostatic interaction and form hydrogen bond, and thus, the combined membrane is high in thermal stability, mechanical strength and size stability.