The invention discloses a temperature field and deformation field synchronous measurement method and device based on DIC. The method is characterized by using a color CCD camera to cooperate with a filter to obtain surface speckle images of a measured sample at different temperatures in real time; using a calibration block made from the same batch of samples in advance to carry out a calibration test of a 5 DEG C temperature gradient; and converting data to a CIEL*a*b* color space with visual consistency and using a cubic spline interpolation to acquire a continuous temperature calibration curve. Real-time measurement of a temperature field is performed through combining the temperature calibration curve and by using a color change of a pixel point containing chameleon paint in the speckleimage, and a gray gradient image converted by the speckle image is used to carry out fast search of a sub-pixel deformation field so as to realize the synchronization acquisition of the temperature field and the deformation field. Operation is simple, and complexity and an asynchronous problem of an existing measurement method are overcome.