The invention belongs to the field of rubber, and especially relates to a high-strength chloroprene rubber, and a preparation method thereof. The high-strength chloroprene rubber comprises, by mass, 100 to 110 parts of chloroprene rubber, 10 to 15 parts of styrene butadiene rubber, 24 to 27 parts of surface modified white carbon black, 4 to 5 parts of nanometer zinc oxide, 4 to 5 parts of nanometer Magnesium Oxide, 7 to 9 parts of stearic acid, and 0.5 to 0.8 part of anti-aging agent NBC. The high-strength chloroprene rubber is high in tensile strength and tearing toughness, and the preparation method is simple.