The invention discloses a method and system for predicting the shaft bottom pressure. The method comprises the steps: a shaft is sectioned; the drilling cutting concentration of all sections is calculated, and the drilling cutting concentration is the volume concentration of drilling cuttings in annuluses; the effective density and rheological parameters of drilling fluid of all the sections are calculated; annulus pressure losses of all the sections are determined; and according to the annulus pressure losses of all the sections, the shaft bottom pressure is calculated. By considering influences of the drilling cuttings on the rheological property of the drilling fluid, the predicting accuracy rate of the shaft bottom pressure can be increased, and thus the predicted shaft bottom pressureis closer to the real shaft bottom pressure.