The invention relates to an unmanned aerial vehicle-based high-speed railway bridge vertical turbulence degree measurement method. According to the method, a high-speed railway bridge to be tested isdetermined; a measurement point and two reference points are arranged on the high-speed railway bridge to be tested; three cameras with the same imaging center and imaging resolution are mounted on anunmanned aerial vehicle; the three cameras can respectively photograph the measurement point and the two reference points; the three cameras on the unmanned aerial vehicle are utilized to simultaneously photograph and image the high-speed railway bridge to be tested according to set time intervals; and the vertical turbulence degree of the high-speed railway bridge to be tested is calculated according to images photographed by the three cameras. The measurement method provided by the invention is not affected by environmental vibration and can realize high-flexibility and easily-operatable high-speed railway bridge vertical turbulence degree measurement with a simple and efficient measuring process realized.