The present invention relates to a device for testing the shrinkage performance of a cement-based material. The device comprises a signal acquisition board, a light reflection plate, a suspension device and a laser emitter, wherein the signal acquisition plate has scale marks, and the laser emitter is mounted on the signal acquisition board; the light reflection plate is disposed in front of the laser emitter; the tail end of the suspension device is provided with a test piece; and the surface of one end of the test piece is provided with the light reflection plate parallel to the surface. Thetesting process of the device of the invention is convenient and quick. With the device adopted, the volume change of the cement-based material can be tested, the volume change of the cement-based material under other coupling conditions can be also tested, and therefore, the volume change of the cement-based material under the other coupling conditions can be tested, and a large number of test pieces can be tested.