The invention is applicable to the technical field of damage identification, and provides a rain shed structure damage identification method and device, and terminal equipment. The method comprises the steps of acquiring acceleration vibration signals of all measurement points of a rain shed; according to the acceleration vibration signals of all the measurement points, carrying out correlation analysis on first measurement point pairs to determine sensitive measurement points in the measurement points; calculating correlation coefficients of the first sensitive measurement point pairs in alltime sub-periods to serve as correlation data; according to the correlation data, determining an overall damage situation of a rain shed structure between the first sensitive measurement point pairs;carrying out quadratic integration on the acceleration vibration signals of all the measurement points to obtain displacement signals of all the measurement points; and calculating displacement variances of all the measurement points in a preset calculation period, and determining local damage situations of all the measurement points. The collected acceleration vibration signals are processed fromthe whole structure and the local part, so that the damage identification accuracy can be improved, a damage identification error is reduced, and a damage detection result is more reliable.