The invention relates to a test system suitable for researching a deicing fault of a multilevel power transmission wire. The test system comprises a wire shrinkage ration module, a deicing control module, a tensile force measuring module, a monocular camera module and a calculation processing module, wherein the wire shrinkage ratio module comprises a long rope, fixed supports fixed on two ends ofthe long rope, and a traction support disposed between the fixed supports and used for hanging the long rope; the deicing control module comprises a relay and an electromagnet; the tensile force measuring module comprises a tensile force sensor and a dynamic strain instrument; the monocular camera module comprises a high-speed camera, a calibration plate and a marker; and the calculation processing module comprises a processor connected with the camera and the dynamic strain instrument. The test system has the beneficial effects that multiple parameters are adjustable, and the applicable research range is wide; the breakthrough in the field based on scale model test research from scratch can be achieved, and the significance for prompting relevant researches can be achieved; and the testsystem can be built in a room, and is convenient to install, easy for processing components and high in practicability.