The invention relates to a temperature monitoring system for lithium battery storage based on distributed optical fiber temperature measurement, which comprises a distributed fiber temperature measurement main unit and a temperature sensing fiber connected with the distributed fiber temperature measurement main unit; the temperature monitoring system can work together with a fire alarm main unit,and meanwhile the fire alarm main unit can work together with other fire fighting equipment; the resolution of temperature measurement of the temperature monitoring system for battery storage is 0.1 DEG C, and the accuracy is +-1 DEG C; the warning function and the alarm function of a plurality of temperature points can be conducted at the same time; the temperature can be continuously measured ,the temperature curve of a lithium battery bin can be displayed in real time, and the temperature and the location information of battery bin can be displayed with multiple windows or the same window;and the number of alarms in different zones is not limited, and alarm parameters and warning parameters can be set by a user according to needs. The temperature of lithium battery bins can be uninterruptedly monitored for 7x24 hours. The response time of temperature measurement of each channel is 3s, that is, it takes 3s to monitor the temperature of 2500 battery bin locations.