The invention discloses an optimal configuration method, device and equipment for a superconducting fault current limiter of a power grid, which can optimally configure the installation position and resistance value of the superconducting fault current limiter in the power grid, and maximize the role of the superconducting fault current limiter and the most economical power grid operation strategy. The method comprises the following steps: step 101, acquiring a current distribution proportional coefficient of each branch of a preset node; step 102, constructing a branch importance evaluation index model according to the current distribution proportional coefficient, and calculating a branch importance evaluation index corresponding to each branch; step 103, taking a branch corresponding toa maximum value of the branch importance evaluation index as an installation branch of the superconducting fault current limiter, and initializing an initial resistance value of the superconducting fault current limiter; and step 104, calculating a target current value of a current limiting branch according to the initial resistance value, judging whether the target current value is less than a current limiting threshold, if yes, outputting the resistance value corresponding to the superconducting fault current limiter and the installation branch, and otherwise, re-executing step 101 according to a preset resistance step and the initial resistance value.