The invention discloses a noninvasive acquisition system for neural signals. The system comprises a signal acquisition unit and a differential amplification circuit, wherein the signal acquisition unit comprises annular electrodes and round electrodes located in the annular electrodes; output ends of the annular electrodes are connected with a differential input end of the differential amplification circuit; one surface, making contact with skin, of each annular electrode is a coarse surface with bulges, and one surface, making contact with skin, of each round electrode is a smooth surface, orone surface, making contact with skin, of each round electrode is a coarse surface with bulges, and one surface, making contact with skin, of each annular electrode is a smooth surface. The accuracyand robustness of acquisition of the neural signals can be improved.