The invention provides a garbage incineration system using a vertical incinerator, which belongs to the technical field of waste incineration. The invention solves the problems of low space utilization rate, high energy consumption and low work efficiency of the existing horizontal grate furnace system. The upper part of the vertical incinerator main body communicates with a heat medium inlet of adistributed waste heat boiler through a first pipeline; a heat medium outlet of the distributed waste heat boiler communicates with a flue gas treatment system through a second pipeline; a pluralityof feeding devices, a plurality of deslagging systems and a plurality of garbage stations are respectively distributed along the circumferential direction of the vertical incinerator main body; the feeding devices communicate with the upper portion of the vertical incinerator main body respectively; the deslagging systems communicate with the bottom of the vertical incinerator main body respectively; the garbage station are positioned outside the vertical incinerator main body and the feeding ports of the feeding devices are respectively positioned the garbage stations; and the deslagging systems are respectively positioned between the vertical incinerator main body and the garbage stations.