The invention discloses a residual current protection circuit breaker. The residual current protection circuit breaker comprises a housing, a contact system, a tripping unit, a power source module, azero sequence current transformer and an electronic control unit, wherein the electronic control unit is connected with the tripping unit and the power source module. The residual current protection circuit breaker is characterized in that the electronic control unit comprises a switch-on/switch-off and experimental detection unit and a data processing unit; one end of the switch-on/switch-off andexperimental detection unit is connected with the winding of the zero sequence current transformer; the other end of the switch-on/switch-off and experimental detection unit is connected with the data processing unit; and a test button is disposed between the zero sequence current transformer and the switch-on/switch-off and experimental detection unit. When the residual current protection function of the residual current protection circuit breaker is turned off, a test circuit generates residual current after the test button is pressed; the zero sequence transformer outputs signals, and at the same time, the test circuit simultaneously outputs signals to the electronic control unit; and the electronic control unit can effectively identify that residual current signals detected currentlyare generated by the test circuit.