The invention relates to a tail gas recovery system and a tail gas recovery method for a neopentyl glycol production apparatus, and discloses a neopentyl glycol apparatus tail gas recovery system anda neopentyl glycol apparatus tail gas recovery method. The recovery system comprises a combined absorption tower, a gas-liquid separation tank and a compressor, wherein the lower half section of the combined absorption tower is an absorption tower section, and the upper half section of the combined absorption tower is a washing tower section. According to the treatment method, neopentyl glycol apparatus tail gas directly enters the bottom portion of the combined absorption tower; an absorbent enters from the top portion of the absorption tower section, and absorbs neopentyl glycol in the tailgas; the absorbent rich liquid returns to a neopentyl glycol apparatus distillation unit to recover neopentyl glycol; the treated tail gas directly enters the lower portion of the washing tower section, and a washing agent enters from the top portion of the washing tower section; and the treated tail gas is pressurized by the compressor, and the pressurized gas is conveyed to the neopentyl glycolapparatus so as to be reused. According to the present invention, the method has characteristics of less equipment and less investment, can recover neopentyl glycol and hydrogen in the neopentyl glycol apparatus tail to the greatest extent, can improve the economic benefit of the apparatus, and further can solve the influence of the pipeline blockage caused by the neopentyl glycol solidification on the continuous and stable operation of the apparatus.