The invention relates to a hydraulic and pneumatic automobile anti-lock braking electronic control unit and a method. The hydraulic and pneumatic automobile anti-lock braking electronic control unit comprises an input circuit, a microcomputer, a hydraulic driving circuit and a pneumatic driving circuit, wherein the input circuit is electrically connected with the microcomputer; the microcomputer is electrically connected with the hydraulic driving circuit and the pneumatic driving circuit respectively; the input circuit performs filtering, current-limiting and signal-amplifying treatment to ananalog signal acquired by a wheel speed sensor, transmits the analog signal to the microcomputer for processing and calculating, and controls a corresponding electromagnetic wheel valve through the hydraulic driving circuit and the pneumatic driving circuit according to a processing and calculating result. The hydraulic and pneumatic automobile anti-lock braking electronic control unit not only achieves the hydraulic and pneumatic braking anti-lock electronic control function, but also meets a braking force requirement and optimizes the braking effect; through integration in the electronic control unit, the mounting space of the microcomputer is saved; braking achieves a better effect which can be achieved through improvement on the basis of existing hydraulic braking or pneumatic braking.