The invention discloses a method for mining mine coal resources by means of local mining and local filling; the method is suitable for underground coal mine. In a mining block section, a filling working face is arranged in a way of sharing a middle section transportation lane with two wings as a group, and stope branch roadways and branch roadway protecting coal pillar are alternately arranged ineach wing coal body; a way of local mining and local filling is adopted for recovering the coal resources; the two wings of stope branch roadways sequentially perform alternate back recovering; afterthe recovering of one stope branch roadway is finished, filling is immediately carried out on the stope branch roadway, that is, the filling of one wing of stope branch roadway and the mining of the corresponding wing of stope branch roadway are simultaneously carried out. The method effectively protects the surface buildings, solves the problem of safe mining of coal seams which are poor in surrounding rock conditions and strongly affected by mining, can be used for simultaneously treating solid wastes such as coal gangue and fly ash, and can realize safe, efficient and green mining of coal.