The invention discloses an oxygen-enriched combustion system. The oxygen-enriched combustion system comprises a furnace body, a combustor, a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a fuel oil supplying pipe, an oxygen supplying pipe and a flue gas exhaust pipe; the two ends of the furnace body communicate with the combustor and the flue gas exhaust pipe separately, the first heat exchangerand the second heat exchanger are sequentially arranged on the flue gas exhaust pipe in the flue gas flowing direction, the two ends of the fuel oil supplying pipe communicate with the combustor and the second heat exchanger separately, and the two ends of the oxygen supplying pipe communicate with the combustor and the first heat exchanger separately; the combustor comprises multiple casing pipes, an igniter arranged at the center of the casting pipes in a surrounding mode and a fixing plate, one end of each casing pipe and one end of the igniter are fixed to the fixing plate, and the fixingplate is installed at one end of the furnace body; and each casing pipe comprises an oil channel and an oxygen channel which are coaxial with each other, one end of each oil channel communicates withan atomizer, and the atomizers are fixed to the fixing plate. According to the oxygen-enriched combustion system, the combustion-supporting gas oxygen proportion is high, the oxygen-enriched combustion quality is good, the fuel oil atomization effect is good, and energy sources are saved.