The invention discloses a residual coal re-mining top coal caving similarity simulation test device. The device comprises a movable base, hydraulic supporting legs are fixedly connected to the periphery of the lower side of the movable base, the top ends of the hydraulic supporting legs are fixedly connected with the lower side of the movable base, the free ends of the hydraulic supporting legs are arranged downwards, a supporting bottom plate is fixedly connected to the bottom ends of the free ends of the hydraulic supporting legs, and four rolling wheels are further fixedly connected to thelower side of the movable base; the upper side of the movable base is fixedly connected with a coal caving storage box through four lifting devices, the left side of the coal caving storage box is open, and a baffle is hinged to the bottom of the coal caving storage box through a hinge. The device has the beneficial effects that the angle of the coal caving storage box is conveniently adjusted through the lifting device, and therefore the top coal caving speed is effectively controlled; loosening of the baffle is achieved through a baffle limiting device, and smooth top coal caving is achieved; the top coal caving process data is acquired by using a detecting instrument, so that the intelligent level is improved.