The invention discloses an XLPE cable insulation material aging service life prediction method. The method includes the following steps that: a material to be tested is acquired; the working environmental temperature of the material to be tested is measured, and a vibration acceleration is applied to the material to be tested; and the service life of the material to be tested is predicted according to a prediction equation. The service life, temperature and other parameters of the LPE cable insulation material under an acceleration and aging combined condition are obtained and are adopted as initial conditions, so that the service life equation of the XLPE cable insulation material under different temperature and self-vibration stress is obtained on the basis of the Yierkefu molecular fracture theory equation, the Arrhenius equation, an inverse power law and a superposition rule. The calculation method of the invention has the advantages of simplicity, short test period, times-saving and cost-saving performance, and high reliability in life prediction.