The invention provides an adaptive automatic shift changing method and device for a data acquisition system. The adaptive automatic shift changing method for the data acquisition system is characterized in that the data acquisition system is connected with each production machine, the method is completed in a processor, and the method comprises the following steps: receiving a factory calendar andan order plan issued by an MES (Manufacturing Execution System); splitting the current day order plan into current day shift production work orders with the same number as the shift; issuing the production work order of the current day after passing the audit to each production machine; wherein the daily shift production work order issuing time is earlier than the daily first shift starting time;and starting and stopping of the data acquisition system are automatically controlled according to the shift alternating time.