The invention provides a short-circuit current consumption branch exit control method and device based on voltage characteristics. The method comprises the following steps: when detecting that a voltage characteristic value of a monitored alternating current bus is greater than a preset voltage threshold value and the current in a short-circuit current consumption branch is greater than a preset value, generating a short-circuit current consumption branch exist instruction; and responding to the short-circuit current consumption branch exist instruction, controlling the short-circuit current consumption branch to exit from a power grid. According to the method provided by the invention, the short-circuit current consumption branch can timely exit from a power system after short-circuit fault isolation in the power system, so that the system can be recovered to a normal state as soon as possible.