The invention discloses a gas chamber heating system and method. The system comprises a gas chamber, a heating unit and a temperature control unit, wherein the heating unit and the temperature controlunit are connected to each other, and the heating unit and the gas chamber are connected to each other to realize gas chamber heating and temperature closed-loop control. The core of the system is aheating unit made of transparent conductive material through micro-nano processing technology, which can realize uniform heating of magnetic control and small temperature gradient and provide technical support for quantum technology based on gas atoms.