The invention discloses a novel material hardness quantitative analysis instrument. The instrument comprises a body, and a testing groove is formed in the body. A through cavity is formed in the upperend wall of the testing groove, and five clamp grooves are formed in the upper end wall of the through cavity. The upper end walls of the clamp grooves are provided with a working cavity, and a linkage groove is formed in the right end of the working cavity. A testing device for measuring hardness is arranged in the working cavity, and the testing device comprises a motor fixedly mounted on the right end wall of the working cavity. A motor shaft rotationally connected with the left end wall of the linkage groove and the left end wall of the working cavity is connected into the motor, and is in threaded connection with a threaded block which is in sliding connection with the upper end wall of the working cavity. According to the invention, the device can achieve the scratch testing of thesurface of a material to be tested through the tools with different hardness, performs the flushing and cooling of the surface of the material to be tested through water while testing is carried out,and prevents the influence of overtemperature on the hardness of the material brings while bringing convenience to an operator for observation.