The invention discloses an air suction type seeder, which comprises a main machine frame and at least one seeder, wherein the seeder is fixed on the main machine frame; the seeder comprises a sowing machine frame, ground wheels, seeding gearboxes, air suction type seeding mechanisms, digging mechanisms, soil retaining plates and compacting mechanisms; the digging mechanisms, the soil retaining plates and the compacting mechanisms are sequentially mounted on the sowing machine frame, the digging mechanisms are used for digging a groove required for sowing, the soil retaining plates are used forcovering soil and backfilling the groove after sowing, and the compacting mechanisms are used for compacting the groove after covering soil and backfilling; the air suction type seedling mechanisms are used for conveying seeds to be sown into the groove dug by the digging mechanisms; and a seed suction disc is arranged on the air suction type seedling mechanism, the ground wheel is in rotary connection with the seeding machine frame, and the ground wheel is arranged to drive the seed suction disc through the seeding gearbox, so as to adjust the rotation rate of the seed suction disc. The device solves the problem of lack of corresponding direct seeding machines for direct seeding of pepper, saves labor and labor, and is high in seeding efficiency.