The invention relates to a head-mounted infrared fluorescence detection device. The device includes a head-mounted detection device and a display device. The head-mounted detection device includes a detection unit, a control unit, a power supply unit and a helmet. The detection unit is arranged on the front of the helmet, and the front end of the detection unit is provided with an infrared fluorescence excitation mechanism used for stimulating the spontaneous fluorescence of the human body. The back end of the detection unit is provided with a first shell, the first shell is internally provided with a light source collection mechanism used for collecting the spontaneous fluorescence of the human body and generating images, the light source collection mechanism includes a fluorescence camera arranged in the first shell and a camera lens arranged on the infrared fluorescence excitation mechanism and connected with the fluorescence camera, and the first shell is fixedly connected with thehelmet. The head-mounted detection device can enable doctors to perform fluorescence detection operation independently at the time of an operation without assisting doctors.