The invention relates to an anti-surge method for an oxygen compressor of an external compression air separation device. The anti-surge method for the oxygen compressor of the external compression airseparation device comprises the following steps of establishing a prediction controller model of the air separation device; selecting parameters of the air separation device to establish a predictivecontroller; and controlling the anti-surge of the oxygen compressor through the predictive controller. According to the anti-surge method for the oxygen compressor of the external compression air separation device, the current minimum guide vane opening degree is calculated through a surge line of the oxygen compressor, and the opening degree value is taken as the minimum constraint lower limit of the guide vane opening degree, so that a surge phenomenon of the oxygen compressor caused by insufficient air suction of the oxygen compressor is prevented, and the safe and stable production of thedevice is ensured; and restriction importance grades of guide vanes, a reflux adjusting valve and the pressure ratio of the oxygen compressor are reasonably set, automatic adjustment of the oxygen compressor guide vanes and reflux can be realized, the surge phenomenon caused by the overhigh pressure ratio of the oxygen compressor can be prevented, and labor intensity of operators can be reduced.