Relating to the technical field of fuel assembly repair, the invention specifically discloses a fuel rod plug-pull positioning device and method for fuel assembly repair. The fuel rod plug-pull positioning device for fuel assembly repair comprises a positioning plate, guide holes and positioning pins, wherein the positioning plate is a pore plate structure equipped with a plurality of positioningholes; four corners of the positioning plate are all equipped with the guide holes, which are symmetric to the center of the positioning plate; a plurality of positioning pins are disposed right belowthe positioning plate to realize positioning of the positioning plate on a fuel assembly; and the positioning holes on the positioning plate can cover all the fuel rod positions within a round of rotation. Through four different installation surfaces, the device realizes positioning of all the fuel rods and has unique correspondence. The device and method can avoid the risk of fuel rod replacement positioning errors, can realize underwater installation, and the installation method is simple, and the risk of error or incorrect installation in the installation process is low.