The invention provides a prevention and treatment method for water inrush and sand bursting of a thick surface soil thin bedrock drilling shaft. The method comprises the following steps: throwing: throwing bagged stones or bricks into the shaft with water inrush and sand bursting, and throwing stone ballast with the particle size of 20-40mm into the shaft with water inrush and sand bursting when the water level rises slowly or is stable; grouting: forming a plurality of exploration injection holes in the periphery of the shaft with water inrush and sand bursting for grouting, and forming a grouting curtain; freezing: forming a plurality of freezing holes around the shaft with water inrush and sand bursting to freeze the thick surface soil thin bedrock around the shaft with water inrush andsand bursting and form a freezing wall; repairing: draining and dredging the shaft with water inrush and sand bursting, and repairing the damaged well wall; and prevention: sleeving an inner sleeve well wall in the shaft with water inrush and sand bursting. The prevention and treatment method takes repair and prevention as the principle, the aim of stability of the damaged drilling shaft for a long time is achieved, and the social and economic benefits are remarkable.