The invention discloses a high-power microscopic observation system capable of carrying out multi-degree-of-freedom regulation in a vacuum environment. The system comprises a welding corrugated pipe,a sliding bearing, a sleeve and bolts on two sides, wherein the welding corrugated pipe is adopted as a telescopic casing pipe; the upper end and the lower end of the welding corrugated pipe are independently provided with an upper external thread flange and a lower flange; the lower flange of the welding corrugated pipe is fixed on a vacuum cavity; the sleeve containing the internal thread coversthe upper external threaded flange of the corrugated pipe and is arranged on the sliding bearing; and bolts on two sides can be rotated to enable the sleeve to horizontally move. Through the system,under the vacuum environment, the objective lens of a high-power microscope carries out vertical and horizontal direction movement, the focal length and the movement visual field range of the objective lens are regulated on a premise of keeping a vacuum degree, and in addition, an observation result with high physical resolution and high imaging quality is obtained. Therefore, a foundation is laidfor realizing the optical microscopic measurement with a high amplification factor under the vacuum envionrment.