The invention discloses a skirt-type self-abandoning puncture-resistant self-elevating drilling platform pile shoe and a drilling platform. The skirt-type self-abandoning puncture-resistant self-elevating drilling platform pile shoe comprises a pile shoe body (1) and a skirt-type pile shoe block (2), the central line of the pile shoe body (1) and the central line of the skirt-type pile shoe block(2) are each in an upright state, the skirt-type pile shoe block (2) sleeves the pile shoe body (1), and the pile shoe body (1) can move upwards and is separated from the skirt-type pile shoe block (2). According to the skirt-type self-abandoning puncture-resistant self-elevating drilling platform pile shoe, the soil body bearing capacity borne by the platform at the same well position is higher,the in-mud depth of pile legs is smaller, when the in-mud depth of the pile legs is larger and consequently pile pulling operation is difficult, the skirt-type pile shoe block can be disengaged through the effect of a traction rope so as to achieve the purpose of decreasing the self weight of the pile legs, resistance borne in pile pulling operation is smaller, and pile pulling operation is smoother.