The invention discloses a method for measuring the charge distribution of a direct-current cable insulation space at different temperatures, and relates to the field of direct-current cable insulationspace charge distribution measurement. At present, most samples for measuring the charges of the insulating space at different temperatures are insulating sheets rather than real cables, and the measurement result of the charge distribution of the insulating space of the direct-current cable is inaccurate based on an electroacoustic pulse method. According to the technical scheme, the test cableis heated by using the thermal cycle test system, which is consistent with the actual operation condition, i.e., the conductor emits heat to transfer heat outwards; simulation cables which are consistent in model and are provided with thermocouples for temperature measurement in all layers are provided as temperature references, the same cable loop is formed for heating and cooling, and test cableinsulation is not damaged; a laser pressure wave method space charge test system is used for measuring the space charge of a real cable rather than an insulating slice. According to the technical scheme, the authenticity and accuracy of the direct-current cable insulation space charge distribution measurement result are improved from many aspects.