The invention provides an ADSS optical cable monitoring system based on laser grating screws, belongs to the technical field of ADSS optical cable line parameter testing, and aims to solve the problems that faults and the fault types of an ADSS optical cable cannot be found in time and the required labor cost are high in the current mode. The laser grating screw is one of a fastening clamp for a fixed tower and a screw of an electric power stringing tower; the laser grating screw is horizontally and radially stressed when being used for fixing the fastening clamp for the tower; wherein the laser grating decoder, the control device, the first global Beidou navigation satellite system and the solar power supply system are arranged at the upper part of the power stringing tower; the laser grating screw is connected with the laser grating decoder; wherein the laser grating decoder and the first global Beidou navigation satellite system are both connected with the control device, the secondglobal Beidou navigation satellite system and the server are arranged in a remote control room, the first global Beidou navigation satellite system and the second global Beidou navigation satellite system are connected through a satellite, and the second global Beidou navigation satellite system is connected with the server.