The invention provides modified butadiene rubber, and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method of the modified butadiene rubber comprises the following steps: dissolving butadiene rubber in an organic solvent to obtain a rubber solution; uniformly mixing a rubber anti-tearing agent, a rubber reinforcing agent and the rubber solution to obtain a mixture; and removing theorganic solvent in the mixture to obtain the modified butadiene rubber. According to the provided preparation method of the modified butadiene rubber, anti-tear strength, puncture resistance and chunking and chipping resistance of vulcanized rubber and rubber products can be remarkably improved through treatment such as vulcanization processing and the like.