The invention discloses a compensation capacitor monitoring device based on NBIoT Internet of things. The compensation capacitor monitoring device comprises a compensation capacitor and a compensationcapacitor monitoring device, wherein the compensation capacitor monitoring device collects the current and voltage values of the compensation capacitor and the positioning data of a global positioning module and sends the current and voltage values and the positioning data to the far end of the Internet of things through an NBIoT communication module. The NBIot Internet of things technology withthe characteristics of low power consumption and wide signal coverage range is used for solving the problems that the compensation capacitor is difficult to directly supply power, is wide in distribution and needs to be monitored in real time when being installed on a track.