The invention discloses a data acquisition optimization method and device for a multi-parameter monitoring device, equipment and a storage medium, and belongs to the field of power transmission line online monitoring. From the perspective of probability statistical distribution, the invention provides the calculation method for the minimum battery capacity, which can simultaneously guarantee the life demand of the monitoring device and the maximum interval demand of data acquisition, and the calculation method is low in complexity and high in practicability in the engineering field; a data acquisition interval optimization strategy is provided for the actual battery capacity, so that the real-time performance of data monitoring is further guaranteed, and the time slot conflict of acquisition of different parameters can be reduced; in order to cope with monitoring of abnormal parameters, the invention further provides a processor time slot distribution strategy, different processing iscarried out according to the conventional situation and the data abnormal situation, continuous tracking feedback of abnormal parameters is guaranteed, meanwhile, a sensor priority setting method which gives consideration to fairness and improves abnormal data monitoring real-time performance is provided, and the method is also easy to apply to engineering.