The invention discloses a slope surface erosion sediment measuring device based on runoff turbidity identification. The slope surface erosion sediment measuring device comprises a weighing mechanism,the weighing mechanism is internally provided with a collecting mechanism, and the exterior of the weighing mechanism is fixedly connected with a plurality of anchor rods; the weighing mechanism comprises a holding box and a controller, the holding box comprises a box body, a top cover is hinged to the upper part of the box body, and a dosing scale is fixed to the bottom of the interior of the boxbody; the collecting mechanism comprises a runoff collecting box, a plurality of stirring mechanisms are fixed to the bottom of the runoff collecting box, holes are formed in the bottom of the runoffcollecting box, solenoid valves are fixed to the holes, and a plurality of turbidity identification optical sensors and a plurality of liquid level detection sensors are arranged on the side face ofthe runoff collecting box; and the runoff collecting box is fixed to the upper part of the dosing scale. The invention further discloses a monitoring method using the slope surface erosion sediment measuring device, use is convenient, and the monitoring method can be applied to various field complex erosion slope surface environments for real-time monitoring.