The invention provides a wheel type probe adjusting device, comprising a probe wheel frame, a centering adjusting frame and a fixing frame which are arranged in sequence from bottom to top, wherein the fixing frame is used for being installed with an external mechanism; a wheel type probe for flaw detection is installed on the probe wheel frame; the probe wheel frame is arranged on the centering adjusting frame through a vertical direction adjusting mechanism; the centering adjusting frame is slidably arranged on the fixing frame; a pushing element is arranged between the centering adjusting frame and the fixing frame, and the centering adjusting frame slides relative to the fixing frame under the action of the pushing element; the sliding direction of the centering adjusting frame and thecentral axis of the wheel type probe are arranged in the same direction. In the wheel type probe adjusting device, the wheel type probe is adjusted in centering by adjusting the position of the centering adjusting frame relative to the fixing frame, and the coupling water distance between the wheel type probe and the steel rail is adjusted by the vertical direction adjusting mechanism, thereforesatisfying the position requirement of the wheel type probe during ultrasonic detection and improving the detection accuracy.