The invention discloses a distributed fault detection method for a power distribution system with resonant ground, and belongs to the technical field of power automation. The method firstly detects afault according to the neutral point-to-ground voltage displacement, uses the pre-fault and post-fault voltages (relatively) to identify a fault phase, and finally identifies a faulty feeder (and thefault zone of the long feeder) according to the relationship between the initial transient of the zero-sequence current and the fault phase voltage after the fault occurs. The method provided by the invention uses voltage and current signals from respective voltage transformers and current transformers, so that no communication is required between the protection devices to identify faulty feedersin the same or different feeders.