The invention discloses an online inspection control system and method for filter sticks. The whole system is divided into four major functional modules, including the automatic sampling module, the data test module, the data acquisition module and the analysis and early warning module; the efficient early warning of filter stick quality process control in the forming section is realized finally by the increase of data sources. By means of the control system and method, the previous static quality control mode of quality plan release, post-production inspection and quality statistical report generation is changed, the intelligent means of big data calculation, early warning and the like are applied to the quality management of a workshop, the filter stick quality process control capacity of the workshop is effectively improved, and the physical index CPK level of the filter sticks is increased.