The invention discloses a circumferential slip form construction device and method for a full-circle tunnel concrete lining. The circumferential slip form construction device comprises a platform structure for supporting the whole device, and travelling power devices for driving the platform structure to travel in the axis direction of the tunnel are mounted at the two ends of the platform structure; a slip form annular track allowing annular movement of a slip form is installed on the platform structure through slip form track supports in a supported mode, the slip form annular track is in annular arrangement along the section of a tunnel, and a formwork system for concrete forming is arranged on the slip form annular track; a sliding and lifting power device for driving the slip form toslide along the slip form annular track and realizing form-removal of the slip form is connected to the slip form; a concrete warehousing device for concrete pouring is arranged at the top of the platform structure; and a working platform is erected between the platform structure and the slip form annular track. According to the circumferential slip form construction device and method, the structure is simple, installation, disassembly and moving are convenient, the cost is low, the quality is controllable, continuous construction can be achieved, the construction quality defects can be monitored and repaired at any time, maintenance is implemented timely and effectively, and the traffic requirements can be met.