The invention relates to the field of circuit breakers, in particular to a current-limiting circuit breaking device for a DC power grid and aims to limit short circuit current and rapidly break a fault circuit. The current-limiting circuit breaking device for the DC power grid comprises a circuit breaker, a first reactor, a second reactor, a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a first resistor, asecond resistor, a first controllable switch and a control unit. When a load is started, the control unit switches off the first controllable switch and closes the circuit breaker, and a DC power supply completes charging of the first capacitor and the second capacitor through a charging loop; when short circuiting happens to the load, the control unit switches on the first controllable switch, so that the first capacitor and the second capacitor are connected serially, the voltage of a connecting point p1 of the first capacitor and the first reactor rises, current of the DC power supply is further limited, and the circuit breaker extinguishes arc and is disconnected. The circuit breaking device is simple in structure and low in cost, can effectively limit short circuit current of a multi-end flexible DC power grid and realizes breaking of the fault circuit.