The invention provides a real-time inversion analysis method of concrete dam block surface heat emission coefficient. The real-time inversion analysis method monitors climatic conditions around a damblock, dam block surface temperature and a temperature inside the dam block in real time; temperature variation parameters inside the dam body are calculated by a direct solution method, by combiningwith shape parameters and material thermodynamic and mechanical parameters of the dam body, an interpolation and iteration method is used for inversely analyzing and determining the dam block surfaceheat emission coefficient based on a finite element method, temperature control and cracking prevention can be carried out better, and the accuracy and calculation efficiency are higher.